Black Wave
How Networks and Governance Shaped Japan’s 3/11 Disasters
Daniel P. Aldrich, 2019
Despite the devastation caused by the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and 60-foot tsunami that struck Japan in 2011, some 96% of those living and working in the most disaster-stricken region of Tōhoku made it through. Smaller earthquakes and tsunamis have killed far more people in nearby China and India. Why is it that some towns and cities in the Tōhoku region have built back more quickly than others? Aldrich shows that individuals and communities with stronger networks and better governance had higher survival rates and accelerated recoveries. Less-connected communities with fewer such ties faced harder recovery processes and lower survival rates. The rebuilding process has varied greatly, as some towns and cities have sought to work independently on rebuilding plans, ignoring recommendations from the national government, while others have followed the guidelines offered by Tokyo-based bureaucrats for economic development and rebuilding.